Master's thesis for the University of the Air graduate school.

Analysis of the visited culture from ancient China and Korea in Shinano (Nagano).

- follow the root of ancient tombs-

August 9, 2009.

Introduction <Aim of research>.

Technology and culture are introduced into ancient Japan from China and the Korean Peninsula. Even a Chinese character, iron and copper, Buddhism, medicine, hemp and silk, and food, clothing and houses and the basic life of present Japanese, such as a rice crop, still have influenced by ancient visited culture.

However, Japan introduced modern scientific technique, culture, and a political institution after the Meiji Restoration through national isolation during the Edo period from Europe which is advanced nations in those days. Many Japanese had the vigor learning from the West eagerly, and catch up and pass over in Meiji – Showa period. on the other hand, China and Korea went late for modernization.

During the Annexation period of Japanese and Korea, Japan might make advance into a continent predominance, I regard Japan saw China and Korea as the low rank country, and took the policy putting them under rule, but a visitor also integrates into Japan in long history, Japanese people make visit culture develop and apply, and have stopped taking specially conscious of the root.

Although it is a natural thing, I would like to clarify who has done what and to recognize history correctly. I take a characteristic area with many Stone-pile in northeastern Nagano which is my hometown, there are many ancient tombs, and I take up on the theme of this.

The archaeologists of the universities and local researchers investigated by taking the lead, and gave many research report. However, there are many ancient tombs where the burying article was lost, and the buried person and the person who made tombs are still mysteries. I would like to take correlation and to approach the elucidation of a root about these ancient tombs, as compared with domestic tombs, or the ancient tombs in China and the Korean Peninsula.

Nagano Prefecture: An old name is Shinano. It is in the central part of Japan and is surrounded at a 3000m class high mountains (three national parks).

Nagano: It is famous for Zenkoji Temple which deifies the Buddha statue descended from Kudara(Korea), or the place of production of apples.

It held the Winter Olympics in 1998 and I participated as a volunteer interpreter for it.

Chapter 1 Actual Condition of Ancient Tomb.

Section 1 Term description.

Section 2 Kind of Ancient Tombs.

Chapter 2 Investigation Report and Actual Inspection.

Section 1 Nagano Prefecture and its circumference.

Section 2 South Korea (Pekche, Kaya).

Section 3 China (Koguryo).

Chapter 3 Research of Correlation.

Section 1 A researcher's opinion.

Section 2 Correlation by Form of Ancient Tomb, and Archaeological Find.

Section 3 Correlation by Climate.

Section 4 Other Correlation.

Summary.

Conclusion.

A future subject.

Chapter 1 Actual Condition of Ancient Tomb.

Section 1 Term description.

(1) Stone-pile tomb.

A kind of the grave system in the period of ancient burial mounds. I call Stone-pile tomb which is a tumulus made by accumulated stones. Moreover, it also called Cologne and distributed widely over the world.

Although a tumulus form has many round burial mounds, a squarer mound and a keyhole-shaped mound are also seen. There are two opinions, one is Stone-pile tomb's generation has the grave system of the Korean Peninsula came across the Japan sea, and another is that stones from the location environment which can be obtained easily. (Professor Otsuka)

1,500 (1% ) are said for Stone-pile tomb in about 150,000 sets all over the country. 55% of them in Nagano, 48% of them has solidified in the Takai area in north Nagano. (Mr. Kirihara)

　　

type of the Joined palms.

Nagano Omuro ancient tomb group. Kofu Yokone ancient tomb group.

(2) Earthenware.

Haji earthenware.

It is the earthenware belonged to Yayoi ware and was produced since the period of ancient burial mounds till the Nara and Heian period. being calcinated at 600-750 ℃, its color is orange or reddish brown and not so hard compared with unglazed ceramic ware. A clay figure is also the Haji earthenware.

Unglazed ceramic ware.

It was produced from the period of ancient burial mounds to the Heian period, and its color is blue gray, it is hard and treated as elegant higher-class than the Haji earthenware of the same period. Since the red ferric oxide in clay is returned at the high temperature of 1100 degrees or more and it deteriorates in ferrous oxide, that become a peculiar color. It started in the China Jiangnan area and was transmitted from Kaya of the southern Korean Peninsula to Japan in the 5th century. Only the pottery manufactured in Japan is called unglazed ceramic ware. The those of Korean Peninsula are called ceramic earthenware, or the Kaya earthenware, the Silla earthenware, the Kudara earthenware, etc.

Section 2 Kind of Ancient Tomb.

When Japanese people hear a "ancient tomb", generally visualize a keyhole-shaped mound like Nintoku Emperor Tomb in Sakai, and know existing many such mounds around there, but there are more variety in practice, and widely distributed every place over in Japan.

(1) Number.

The ancient tomb in Japan will be 161,560 sets of sum total. At most in Hyogo 16,577 set, Chiba 13,112 set, Tottori 13,094 set, Fukuoka 11,311 set, 11,310 Kyoto. (2001 Agency for Cultural Affairs) .

(2) Form.

The round burial mound and squarer mound, and the keyhole-shaped mound and front-back both squarer mound of combination of a fundamental form are common in the ancient tomb in Japan. Moreover, there are front-back both round, octagonal (Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Jito), etc. Main ancient tombs (especially Imperial mausoleum) are the type with two mountains in many cases.

(3) Burial form.

There are a pit system and a cave system in a burial form.

A pit system they dig a hole deep from on a tumulus, and install a coffin at the bottom and return soil on it. Fundamentally, they cannot do additional burial and have no space to work in pit. There are dugout stone chamber, clay chamber, a box type stone coffin, wooden coffin direct burial, etc.

A cave type system has a entrance of tunnel in the tumulus side, and there are a cave type ancient tomb, horizontal stone chamber etc. A cave type ancient tomb has a tunnel part which is a passage, and a main room part which is the space for burial. Although closed by a blockade stone or door stone, so additional burial will be possible by open them and such system prevailed in late period of ancient burial mounds.

(4) Material.

Grave.

One type is made of only stone, one type is mixed stone and soil and another is made of only soil. There was no tree at the beginning just made, but now covered by many trees after long time.

Stones also include the round natural stone, the broken stone and flattened or finished stone on face.

Coffin.

By the material of a coffin, there are a burial urn, a wooden coffin, a stone coffin, a dry lacquer coffin, etc.

A wooden coffin, one is divided a big tree into two perpendicularly, and one is combined several rectangular boards, such as side, front, back board, lid, bottom inside.

Chapter 2 Investigation Report and Actual Inspection.

Section 1 Nagano Prefecture and its circumference.

I inspected related remains and museum, such as ancient tomb in Nagano prefecture at first, and more over in surrounding area Shizuoka, Yamanashi, Gumma, Toyama, Ishikawa, and Fukui Prefecture.

It is difficult to intermingle the ancient tomb of various kinds and in each land, and to express with all together. Moreover, since I saw and focused in the viewpoint of Stone-pile tomb, I am afraid my view is partial. But if I say simply, in Nagano Prefecture there are from a splendid large thing variously to a small and easy thing like the Omuro ancient tomb. I believe Northern area received the influence directly from the peninsula across the Sea of Japan, and southern area received influence of the Yamato Imperial Court.

Nagano Mori Shogun tomb

Moreover, the ancient tomb in Nagano, Yamanashi, Gumma, Toyama, and Ishikawa Prefecture does not almost have an ancient tomb like tomb of Emperor which has trenched the circumference. And in the slope of a mountain, or the top of a peak, they made on the heights from where they overlook the paddy field, or the bay, and high mountain far away. In its point Hamamatsu-city and Shimada city, in Shizuoka, there are many ancient tombs which have an atmosphere like one of Emperor tomb in the flat ground, and I feel the influence of the Yamato Imperial Court is strong.

Section 2 South Korea Seoul, Kongju (the End of August), Kaya.

(1) Seoul (Kudara).

I visited the Sokchondong ancient tomb (Stone-pile tomb) of the Kudara age in Soul Konan in June, 2008, and the Pan-idong ancient tomb (round burial mound). Sokchondong No. 3 tomb has a foundation stone of three stairs of about 50m angles, and is not only a size but very splendid.

Seoul Sokchondon ancient tomb.

Next, I visited the ancient tomb in southern South Korea in June, 2009.

I describe the main things below.

(2) Stone-pile tomb.

I met the the local clerk in the public office in Ulsan, and he kindly take me to see around there. Ulsan had only one Unhyonli ancient tomb. It seems that Koguryo did not leave many Stone-pile tomb although they invaded there. Stone-pile tomb thinks that I passed into Japan directly, without going via southern South Korea.

Unhyonli Stone-pile tomb (Ulju county).

Instructing board.

It is a mound of the Three Powers era which accumulated the natural stone of human head size. Although it collapsed now and the clear figure at that time is not known, 6-7m of the height, and the maximum of a square bottom mound is 20m.

(3) Daihade Ancient tomb (Ulju county) .

Later-mentioned Chapter 3 Section 1 According to Professor Mori

"The iron sword in the shape of Warabi was excavated from the Nezuka ancient tomb in Kijimadaira-mura. I watched the curved iron sword also from the ruins of the Ulsan Hade.”

I visited Hade ancient tomb with a local clerk of public office, but could not see the iron sword. (according to the authorities' HP an archaeological finds are in outside now and they will appear in the Ulsan museum completed in 2010.)

Instructing board.

It is presumed that the ancient tomb of Hade was built around from the 3rd century to the 7th century. Wooden chamber of the Age of Three Powers, dugout stone chamber, a burial urn grave, etc. were checked through the excavation investigation by the present. Arms, such as various earthenware, iron swords, and a spear, the accessories made from a ball, the iron pot made from bronze, etc. excavated from these graves.

(4) The ancient tomb of Kaya(southern South Korean central part).

Ancient tombs of Kaya are the same image of the ground bun type round burial mound in Korea generally, but grass is mown finely and with no tree like in Japan.

　

Koryon Chisandon ancient tomb group. Hapchon Okchondon ancient tomb group.

An archaeological has the diverseness and magnificence of ironware with the elaborateness of a gold crown, gold work, and ball work, and beauty. They include sword, armor, agriculture-and-manufacturing equipment, and big Armor which protects a horse, and the decoration. The ironware similar to these are excavated from ancient tombs in Japan. In the Chinese record document of Three Powers era has the description about Panlokuk (Tegaya of Koryon), and as for it, Japan also asked for the iron. (please see Japanese. Chinese, or Korean version)

(Reference 1) .

Generally it has tend to be greatly reported, when gold articles or jewelry excavated, and not to reported greatly in the case of only ironware discovered in Japan.

To be sure the gold or silver and jewelry is expensive, and is a proof of power, financial ability, and diplomacy, but I think the ironware is rather important archaeological. Although iron rusts, appearance is bad and does not remain a original shape, I believe the importance which express the state of society, such as military affairs of those days, farming and craft, and the visit of technology and culture from abroad, remains in ironware.

(Reference 2) .

In Korea, as for the size is a little less than 2m, graves are "ground bun" also at present age traditionally. Although Japan has a gravestone (grave marker) form, this may be the wisdom by the little of land. But most is square, and has the shape of stairs and a Japanese gravestone rather seems to have inherited the tradition of Koguryo.

However " an essays of Jeong Fuanki " education publishing company (2000), Mr. Jeong is warning to be serious as follows with not using cremation from inhumation even in South Korea.

If it will pass as long as ten years, most countries will be covered with ground bun. I forbid inhumation, in order to prevent this beforehand, and I make it cremation, and sprinkle bone ash on the sea or a mountain. Although the government also elaborates a measure and is striving for legislation, I do not leave for considering by the opposition movement of people who were devoted to the idea of the Confucianism persons concerned or the family. The government should form a drastic measure and they should ask people for an understanding here for the big plan for national 1000 years.

(History of Kaya) .

I introduce a little portion with deep relation with Japan here.

The accessories of Tegaya.

The feature of the accessories in Tegaya is the earring with a hollow ball by a connection chain. Many pierced earrings of size Kaya are discovered in Japan.

the gilt bronze crown excavated from the Chisandong ancient tomb group. The gilt bronze crown excavated from the Nihommatsu mountain ancient tomb in Fukui Prefecture had the same system as this is presumed, and those become good data which get to know Tegaya of those days and the relation with Japan.

The horse implement of Tegaya.

It was spread to the Japanese Islands and formed the mainstream of the horse implement in the late period of ancient burial mounds. It mean that the customs to decorate with a horse gaily in the heyday of Tegaya were in fashion.

(Note) .

Since I took photoes of the South Korean showpiece, it is good help to compare them if I introduced both photographs here, but a man cannot take photo without permissions of museum in Japan. Moreover, nothing is written in the pamphlet of South Korean museum except the ban on flash photography, but I read the ban on photography written in every Japanese version pamphlet.

Martyrdom.

Martyrdom means the funeral act which kills live people and animal compulsorily and buries them together for the dead master. It depends on the succeeding world thought that it was performed by a life continued after died. Although it is also in Silla, appear intensively in a Kaya area. Although some ancient tombs had Martyrdom horse located in Nagano and Gumma Prefecture, I think in Japan the clay figures became to be Martyrdom instead of people.

(5) West-southern Korea. The Yongsan Gang valley.

Furthermore, in a peninsular southwest part, keyhole-shaped mounds of Japan are also scattered, and I feel a Japanese footprint. Although there also seem to be many opinions "the keyhole-shaped mound of Japan was transmitted from South Korea" among Korean scholars, Professor Dr. Pak Chonsu of Kyonboku Univ. who studied in Osaka University and studied details of the ancient tomb in Japan, he wrote that people were keeping company on a peninsula and islands those days, and the people from Japan came by the request of military power aid.

On all the instructing boards of the ancient tomb, I read the expression such as "they are important ruins of South Korea-Japan cultural studies."

Example 1 : Although the keyhole-shaped mound (Changosan ancient tomb) was made very widely in Japan, in our country, about 10 basis grade centering on the Yongsan Gang valley was checked. I was estimated as the important data which can reveal the ancient history of South Korea-Japan both countries. ( Hampyon Changosan ancient tomb) .

Example 2 ; the Age of Three Powers ancient tomb research is ruins very important for making a comparative study with the ancient tomb in Japan of course. (Hampyon Shindongli ancient tomb) .

In addition, these keyhole-shaped mounds are the visit culture “in” South Korea, so I omit details in this paper on the theme of the visit culture of Shinano.

(Reference 1) .

Although I visited Kyonboku Univ. to meet Professor Pak in Teague, he was taking an official trip to Japan.

(Reference 2) .

I t was rare for Japan to have a museum near an ancient tomb and an archaeological find, a photograph, and explanation were generally exhibited by the museum of the administrative district together with other showpieces, but in South Korea, a museum for exclusive use adjoins, and the big ancient tomb has reproduced the situation of ancient tomb erection by the miniature set, and was very much easier to understand it. The technology of elaborate gold work and ball work of an archaeological find and the tradition of perseverance seemed to be connected also with the present miniature set.

Changnyong museum.

(Reference 3) .

I met Professor Dr. Kim Konsu of the Mokpo Univ. without appointment,and I talk this to him, He said "South Korea was behind in archaeology. Then, I studied in Nagoya University for seven years. They have taken in the newest method, although it comes to put a lot of energy into preservation of cultural properties at last these days and also came to build a museum. Since Japan started from ancient times, the exhibition method may have become outdated conversely. "

In addition, I thank him that I had various things taught from Professor Kim, and also received lunch.

(Reference 4)

I went to the birth place of the doctor Wani who told Japan the Chinese character. It is the big park, and just appearing as a sightseeing spot. The grave of doctor Wani is located in Hirakata City, I took big pains for 30 minutes to search it out.

(Reference 5) .

The ancient tombs in Silla are famous, I also visited Kyongju twice 20 years ago, Sokkuram and a Pulguk temple, and Chonma mound tombs are very beautiful. However, they gave little influence to the ancient tomb on Shinano, so I omit them in this paper.

Section 3 China (Koguryo).

In June 2008, I went to the border of northeast China and North Korea, and saw the ancient Stone-pile tombs and the King Guangedo Monument of Koguryo age in Jian City.

Jian King tomb.

Chapter 3 Research of Correlation.

Section 1 A researcher's opinion.

According to Professor Koichi Mori famous for ancient tomb research, there is following difficulty in research of the ancient tomb in connection with visit culture, especially Stone-pile tomb.

There are extremely few historical records which describe directly related to many continent areas and many Japanese-Islands areas.

Therefore, although there is no report also with a researcher clear as a theory and the data which analyzed the ancient tomb, there is nothing that wrote relevance clearly as visit culture. However, a lecture meeting etc. describe their opinion, or there are some volume s, and I introduce here.

Archaeology of tomb of "Shinano" Tamotsu Kawasaki.

If the contents of a lecture of the lecture meeting "ancient Sea of Japan culture and Shinano" in Professor Koichi Mori's Heisei 7 Iiyama are extracted in this.

(1) The posterity of the Koguryo founder's royal family has been collected. I settled in the Takai county, bred the horse, and made many Stone-pile tomb.

(2) According to the " Three Powers mind", the Kel part is birth with a high rank which takes out a king in Koguryo. Their Posterity who changed their name in Japan later are important,

(3) People who claim to be the posterity of the founder of Koguryo in "new compilation family name" have born the name of "Takai."

(4) There is a report of the people changing their family name of Shinano in "Japan Record document part 2 " November, Enryaku 18.

(5) Yosoitsuka of Suzaka considered to be the oldest Stone-pile tomb in Shinano is large, and, moreover, two ancient tombs have adhered in right in the middle. A river flows immediately into the neighborhood and conditions of location resemble Unpyonli. Although the excavated gilt bronze products bear a strong resemblance to the thing of the Sundsanli ancient tomb excavation in Kongju of Kudara, they are just like the face of the lion currently drawn on the grave interior of a room of Angak No. 3 tomb of Koguryo (North Korea).

(6) iron sword at which I turned in the shape of Warabi from the Nezuka ancient tomb in Kijimadaira-mura excavated. I am excavating curved iron sword also from the ruins of the Ulsan Hade.

Professor Mori's contents of a lecture became a good indicator of research of them, and I made the site survey according to it, and I checked by literature. (Please refer to Japanese, Korean, and the Chinese version.)

I read "the back Chinese-books volume 85", the "old Tang record volume 211th", Ryang record volume 54th", and "Yi record volume 88th."

It seems to post although there are some differences.

(5) I have seen Yoroitsuka of Suzaka. Although it was splendid, I did not understand well whether this would be suitable to a king's ancient tomb.

Although the Sunsanli ancient tomb which has me in Konju of Kudara is due to be visited at the end of August, even if Angak No. 3 tomb of Koguryo (North Korea) wants to go, it is difficult from the present international situation.

(6) I went to the Nezuka ancient tomb in Kijimadaira, and have seen the replica of the sword of a burial article. Decoration of volume grass has the feature, Professor unearthed Otsuka considered the sword of Kaya, and Kyushu University Professor Nishitani had it checked that it was a sword of Kaya. I am the excavation from a tumulus grave which does not look at an example out of the late Yayoi period, and the Sea of Japan will have been directly crossed from the peninsula -- that is right.

Although I went to the ruins of Hade in South Korean Ulsan, I did not try not to understand where an archaeological find is. However, there is always a round head sword in the ancient tomb of other Kaya districts, and a museum, and I think that the relation between the Nezuka ancient tomb and southern South Korea is deep.

By the third time of "East Japan seen from the latest excavation" Miyagawa commemoration lecture, Professor Otsuka as whom I acted much ancient tomb excavations of Nagano has also stated the following about the Omuro ancient tomb group.

(1) In the stone of the ceiling of an ancient tomb, about 30 sets are roof type joined types of the palms in Omuro. This one joined type ancient tomb of the palms is only located in Yamanashi Prefecture in addition to Zenkoji common.

(2) A construction age joining-the-palms-together type [ from the earthenware etc. which the Omuro ancient tomb group stole and I left ] will be the fifth century in the middle of the period of ancient burial mounds.

(3) The new burial method and pottery-industry technology stack from the ancient tomb containing from the Korean Peninsula in which I piled the ground depending on the area, and change to the ancient tomb of a stone. Probably, the people buried in the joined type ancient tomb of the palms which is the start of the Omuro ancient tomb group are people of a visit system.

(4) I hear that the management supervisor of the Omuro pasture is a graduate person of the Korean Peninsula, and Procedures of the Engi Era had serious distinguished services, and he has got grade from Yamato clan at it. I regard the appearance of Stone-pile tomb of the Omuro ancient tomb group as the thing of the group in connection with breeding of a horse. If it becomes the second generation and the third generation, a relation with the people there will also come out. And it is considered enough that all the people of villages will also build Stone-pile tomb and became 500 sets on the whole.

Section 2 Correlation by Form of Ancient Tomb, and Archaeological Find.

(1) Stone-pile tomb comparison with China and South Korea.

Since the scenery and geographical feature of Yuantu castle, the form of a mountain in back, the river that is in front, and the plain were just like Matsushiro Omuro for me, I was surprised in China Jian of the Omuro ancient tomb most called root. However, the form of all the ancient tombs of the Royal Family and the aristocrat who ranks with a dry river bed also as special was also greatly splendid, and, as for me, the touch completely different from Stone-pile tomb who accumulated the stone of the free dry river bed of Omuro or a horizontal solution carried out Shogun-zuka of world heritage.

Jian Ancient tomb group of the Royal Family and an aristocrat.

I think that, as for me, the visitor of Koguryo made Omuro first, and the rest made one thing after another for similar one person. I had an idea similar to the professor of an Otsuka first pile of the foregoing paragraph.

Moreover, although I think that Japan does not have Stone-pile tomb of such a scale compared with the Sokchondon ancient tomb of a soul, the Yonemochi Tenjin No. 1 tomb of Suzaka has three steps of foundation stones.

The Yonemochi Tenjin No. 1 tomb.

Japanese Stone-pile tomb has only many which stacked the natural stone in the shape of a round burial mound, and in my having seen, Haritsuka of Matsumoto has a foundation stone and he has an atmosphere of the ancient tomb in Sokchondon or Jian.

Haritsuka of Matsumoto.

(2) A Matsushiro Omuro local person's investigation.

The Omuro ancient tomb is deficient in an archaeological find, and since there are no means to investigate, I am the people and the lecturer of the local history lecture of Matsushiro who I think that I would like to hear a local person's talk, and I photo the contribution list of names of the Takai size room shrine, investigate with the telephone directory of a library, and are studying local local history,Mr. Tamotsu Kitamura who is present once in the case of the Omuro ancient tomb excavation was introduced. Although I asked whether there would be any trace of a visitor to Mr. Kitamura, it was the reply "there is no clear proof."

Moreover, the principal who passed away in Showa 2 was forming the association of the ancient tomb in the talk of those who are studying local history. Although the public hall was built to the son's era and the archaeological find was brought together in it, when the talk which I sell at later to a division came out, there was nothing left. All also of a village history and a character name ledger were lost.

Although this was Kenshin Uesugi's territory, when Shingen Takeda had attacked, residents (samurai) escaped to Aizu together with the Uesugi family. In the Nagafuku temple chief priest's talk, those who is called Saito and Suda have visited from the northeast, saying, "The ancestor came from Omuro."

Moreover, I will show the copy of the archaeology magazine of the person describing the volume and illustration of the history of traffic is got and an extract is made below in Ministry of Communications called Mr. Sekko Hihata born in Matsushiro.

“One consideration about the 16th volume No. 11 (Taisho 15) Omuro ancient tomb. “

- There was size room Maki. The name of a place called Makishima remains in Maki.

- It was reclaimed gradually, and the mulberry field became and broke.

- While there are also some fragments of Ainu type earthenware, the china which is accepted to be pure Korea introduction and which is gray and has a pattern is mixing.

- Although some have a fragment of a straight sword horse implement, etc., seemingly, there is nothing new. In short, there is no noble grave.

- Although balls have many Izumo stones, the comma-shaped bead of jade accepted to be a Korean future is discovered occasionally.

- I often heard there having been a man called Rokuzaemon, who was expert of steal from tombs of the Amemiya village in Meiji era, and having unearthed briskly the kind of the attractive thing, the comma-shaped bead, and the tubular ornamental bead, and having sold it.

It is difficult for neither the present archaeological find nor a key to be in the Omuro ancient tomb not much, and to look for a visitor's trace. Of course, although this was understanding from the beginning, I was not able to look for the thing beyond it after all.

(3) Comparison with the circumference.

In order to see not only a related thing but the thing which collides, how to also illuminate the ancient tomb of the circumference of Nagano 3 and I inspected the ancient tomb in Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture, and Iwata, and the Hamakita museum and the Hamamatsu museum which have exhibited the archaeological find. The impression of the ancient tomb of this district is a greatly splendid thing compared with Nagano. When Nagano removes some, such as a woods general mound, there are many large things of the scale which also has an after the front circle with large-sized Hamamatsu or a circumferential (made by the flatland) slot of front-back squarer mound to a thing with many small round burial mounds.

Furthermore, I looked at the Nihongaya Stone-pile tomb ancient tomb. 28 sets are checked, and six sets become preservation and a park and are exhibited now. Although one side which accumulated the Kawahara stone is squarer mound which are 3-9m, I am not heaping up and am even. The upside tumulus is lost by pit in the second half of the 5th century, and it is a thing with a height of about 0.5-1m by presumption. However, the restored form is alike in the middle of construction of the ancient tomb of Kaya. There were some which were well alike in the Chapter 2 exhibition [ miniature ] of Section 2. Moreover, form differs from Stone-pile tomb of Nagano or Yamanashi. It is the feature that Stone-pile tomb differs in form by the district to being a form where the round burial mound and the keyhole-shaped mound were alike even if the size was different with the whole country.

According to the history of Shizuoka Prefecture of the Yamakawa publication, Shizuoka Prefecture has Tokaido Shinkansen and Tomei Expressway now, and traffic of east and west is a center, but I am that the exchange with Yamanashi and Nagano was prosperous in ancient times, and Stone-pile tomb can consider having been transmitted by him with Noto - Hokuriku - Nagano, Yamanashi - Shizuoka. However, is there little Stone-pile tomb in Noto and Hokuriku which come and land from a peninsula as for why? I think that Stone-pile tomb culture and keeping a horse were closely related, and moved to Nagano, Gumma, and Yamanashi which are lands suitable for keeping a horse.

(4) Stone-pile tomb's comparison.

Nationally in this, there is 20% of Stone-pile tomb in Yamanashi Prefecture 30% to occupying 2% in Nagano Prefecture, and there is no cardinal number of Stone-pile tomb in Noto and Hokuriku not much. And Stone-pile tomb seems to have been the culture which only a certain tribe and a colony have, since it tended to have concentrated on one place. Conversely, since it will concentrate on one place if it says, in comparison of only a cardinal number, I do not become comparison of a true scale.

On the other hand, the big ancient tomb in Shizuoka seems to be also the district powerful clan related to the center which receives the flow of Setonaikai - Kinki - Tokai. It seems that anyone can do it to Stone-pile tomb who stacks the Kawahara stone like the Omuro ancient tomb, or a horizontal solution and the Sakurai ancient tomb. I design a splendid cave type ancient tomb, and the technology which processes and carries a stone or I accumulate exactly needs it. Although making the command project team which moves many people is required and the difference of time (time) also has it, I consider the grave of people with political power and economic strength.

If it sees in such a viewpoint, I will mention the following differences.

1) Forms, such as a rectangle/circular one, and stairs, are ready, and if there are no wisdom and technology, and organization of various persons, I cannot build the grave of the king of Koguryo Japanese Stone-pile tomb's root. Aside from the size, if the sect of the family line visited Japan, although form should be modeled, Omuro and a horizontal solution will have much merely accumulated form, and there will be no stairs rectangle.

2) At many ancient tombs, I overcome, or use the stone (I deleted) with which I cut the form squarely, and the ancient tomb is also preparing the form as a room. In the case of Omuro, even if there is an ancient tomb, there is not the room but much chambers (cave which stacked the stone) as a name.

3) the keyhole-shaped mound of the Chikuma (Nagano -- south) woods general mound and Shizuoka Prefecture which are said for there to be a relation with the Yamato Imperial Court has solemnness in the size of the scale with which the size of the grave also included the circumference with last thing, and atmosphere. I can say that it also repairs till the present age (I am not investigating who is doing it), and I accept value from generation to generation.

(5) A difference in the north and south in Nagano Prefecture.

Iida in the south in Nagano Prefecture and the river terrace in Tenryuugawa is the place which the ancient tomb is concentrating, and many burial of the horse considered to have taught how with which a visitor keeps is seen.

I visit the Iida fine-arts museum, got the research bulletin (2006 No. 16) "center on the visit culture-period of ancient burial mounds of South Shinshu" from the Okada superintendent, and had the ancient tomb which should be inspected taught.

The point of the contents of the research bulletin.

It is the meeting-sponsored international symposium which considers the ancient culture of East Asia according to [ there are many archaeological finds influenced by Kaya of the southern Korean Peninsula, and ] the above-mentioned bulletin here,I carry out problem institution about Kaya culture, and am asking for examination, saying "Recognition of the Japan-South Korea archaeology community involving iron of ancient Kaya has big difference" (2002 besides Okuno). Mr. Katsumi Nishiyama will apply to the 5th century generation from the second half of the 4th century by the Zenkoji common of "north "in the middle of the period of ancient burial mounds of Shinano", and the influence of the Koguryo culture will be seen,the southern Shimo-Ina area -- the second half cost of the 5th century on and after [ the structure of a cave type ancient tomb, the state of Martyrdom horse, etc. to ] the middle of the 5th century -- Kaya -- the influence of local culture is seen -- I described it as " (Nishiyama 2003).

(Reference) .

It is "the influence expansion (period of ancient burial mounds) from production of a horse" to an Iida educational network official site.

There are data to say and I am introducing "huhon coin" which Emperor Temmu tried to spread. In the inside of it

"huhon coin" excavated from Zakoji, Iida-shi. I found only 40-point weakness also in the whole country, but two points have come around the ruins of Gonga at the East Japan except excavating one point in Abiko-shi, Chiba. According to what " huhon coin " deeply concerned with capital structure excavated, this area is considered to have been a proposed site of the "third capital" of Emperor Temmu.

Although it is and I thought that love for my home district developed and the brush was running considerably, in "the ancient 9 system of the ritsuryo legal codes of Japan and Miyakonojo shore Toshio", there was description which is carrying out the Tokyo search for a proposed site that Emperor Temmu went out to Shinano, and description was in the Nihon shoki. (Please refer to Japanese, Korean, and the Chinese version.)

Although the search for a proposed site of the local office of the local branches to the east country instead of the transfer of the capital was seemed, I have recognized that it was important land.

Section 3 Correlation by Geographical feature.

When the scenery of the China Jian Yuantu castle and geographical feature resemble Matsushiro Omuro well and are located on a king's palace site, they are the same feeling as completely standing on the same place by Omuro. After the homecoming, although I carried out to Omuro again, I was the same as the Yuantu castle too, and felt both correlation strong.

Moreover, near the border with old Manchuria and North Korea with Koguryo is the scenery which resembled the Nagano basin well, and Professor Koichi Mori has also pointed it out by previous statement "archaeology of King tombs of Shinano."

Nagano Oomuro

Chian Yuantu castle

However, as long as South Korea, Noto, Hokuriku, and a one saw and turned until now, I do not have geographical feature or Stone-pile tomb who were alike on the way, and it is hard to consider that I came for Omuro to this time from Jian in one jump. It is necessary to look for the proof which will show correlation further more from now on.

Moreover, although the form of the mountain which appears from the background (back) of an ancient tomb or an ancient tomb resembles Jian and Omuro in many cases and thinks that I am based on feng shui at other ancient tombs, I think that I am deeply related to the conditions of location of an ancient tomb.

Section 4 Other Correlation.

(1) In Noto and Hokuriku, it is a shrine of a visit system.

In the case of people with technology, and the person excellent in medicine medical treatment, I think that not only an ancient tomb but the shrine deified as a great man is made by me. Noto and Hokuriku have many shrines of a visit system. I thought that it was necessary to see a relation not only with an ancient tomb but a shrine, and carried out to inspection.

Although a visiting place is based on an attached sheet list, relation with a visit system is strong about a bear helmet Arakoshhiko shrine in this, and I quote WEB information below.

Noto - Peninsula absorbed the advanced culture of an ancient continent or the Korean Peninsula directly, I am an area in which I formed the cultural sphere homogeneous as a continent or a peninsula, and many people of a visit system had settled. It seems that the culture of Silla and a Kara system prospered and there was much Hata family of the Silla system especially.

It is said that 80 percent of the shrines in Noto - Peninsula are God of a visit system. The Shirahiko shrine in Tatsuruhama-cho is closely related, and it was said to the Silla shrine as the Silla shrine in ancient times. The bear helmet shrine in Nakajima-cho is also a shrine of the Silla (Kara) system which makes the enshrined deity Tsunugaarashito God called the prince and the same person of Silla.

The district in in Echizen and Etchuu including Noto was called ancient times and country of Koshi, I rode on the northwestern monsoon, and there were many visits from the Korean Peninsula. It seems that in addition, the subsidiary business of paddy rice cultivation and ball structure was performed to the Yayoi period. The Silla ax was used for the Ten Thousand Leaves as valuables at ancient times, and there is a song in which it means that Koryo and Silla had lived together, and I can see the deep relation with the Korean Peninsula.

According to the account of a shrine, and the account of lineage, an enshrined deity is "the South Korean Royal Family", and "Arakashiko God" is also called Royal Family of God or Ara country and has the present enshrinement district suppressed, and I say [ having deified as a guardian deity after that. there is also the name of a place which means having come from Koguryo as a visitor's permanent home in a side -- the culture of ancient South Korea -- a color -- I consider it as the festival which I left deeply, and am designated as the significant intangible folk cultural asset of the country.

(2) Family name.

If the family name of the contribution person of the HIoki shrine and Kahiwahiko shrine of Noto was seen, I will have noticed that there are many new family names and that there are many a Chinese characters. Although South Korea and China had many family names of one Chinese character and being investigated in the full-name dictionary about the family name of the following which he regards as this, especially though I was regrettable, there was no description about a visit. (I think that the root of a family name has much description about the Kamakura period or subsequent ones, and it cannot follow it easily about it or before) .

(3) The ancient tomb in Noto.

Although many ancient tombs are located in relation to Section 2 also in Noto, since I am considered before long for the influence of a peninsula system to have the strong Suso Ezo hole ancient tomb, I introduce with a photograph.

　

Susoezoana ancient tomb. quarried out stone and accumulated

(4) Position correlation seen from the peninsula.

Although the Pacific Ocean side consisting mainly of Tokaido and Setonaikai is the center of politics and economy in present age Japan, it is necessary to consider how ancient times are visible, when the advanced technology culture from a peninsula and a continent came across the sea, and the Sea of Japan side is the front door in Japan and sees toward Japan from a peninsula. When coming out to south or the east on [ the sea ] from a peninsula, the Japanese Islands spread in the quite large range of a viewing angle, and if it goes straight, they will get to Japan. Noto - Peninsula takes the lead, and I have projected it to the front and it becomes a target to aim at easily. Although I was calling it the districts along the Japan Sea as a child, they were completely a table in Japan, and a front entrance.

Although the concentric circle was drawn on the Cape Rokkan which exists at the tip of Noto - Peninsula centering on Noto and there was a figure that Noto was the center in Japan, I thought that that was right to be sure.

I would like to take a ship someday and to watch from the Sea of Japan. (I have seen Chokai-san from the ship) .

Summary.

Conclusion.

The reason why I chose this theme is I felt the romance for the "visitor" and on the theme of Stone-pile tomb of the Omuro ancient tomb, and Nagano is my hometown, and residual data is scarce and the theory not being established, but I could not acquire certain evidence too. New discovery and conclusion were not able to be drawn, but by the basis of teachers' guidance, I have gone out for actual inspection the related place in these two years, or have read literature, so I have grasped correlation of the main ancient tombs in the Korean Peninsula and Japan (mainly central part and Hokuriku District).

If the contents of Chapter 3 are summarized and I say simply in image about the ancient tomb in Shinano other than Stone-pile tomb of the Omuro ancient tomb.

(1) What came to Hokuriku directly from Koguryo and Silla, and came to Shinano.

(2) What came to Shinano from the Sea of Japan side via Kaya.

(3) What was influenced by the Yamato Imperial Court (from Southern Nagano).

I consider there is a sense of fulfillment to have gotten a certain knowledge and conclusion, and I think that the result of study was large. Moreover, as for me, about 30 years of sides of company work will start as an engineer, reading a volume little by little or having studied Chinese and Korean can employ me in actual research efficiently, and there is a sense of fulfillment of having borne the fruit. I would like to advance research further and to continue to achieve more positive results including the contact to the archaeological find which was not made individually, the participation to actual excavation work, etc., at last, while the author and specialist in literature who read until now teach, since it came to the stage which archaeology understands.

A future subject.

I have solved little subject indicated from the teacher. And questions came out of me variously also in the middle of research, there are many things left to be done. I should clear how processing and conveyance were performed, and the appearance of an ancient tomb which collapses further as an engineer majored mechanical technology. Furthermore, I wanted to analyze of correlation by data as a computer technicians, but my understanding of an ancient tomb and acquisition of archaeology were previously required, I was not able to do in two years.

I would like to continue research from now on and to analyze by cooperation of archaeology and computer science.

Additional remark.

(1) Literature list .

(2) Visit culture investigation report of Shiga, Osaka, and Hyogo .

They are a clause of unglazed ceramic ware, and a clause of the shrine in Noto in explanation of a term.

Ryuo-cho, Shiga and the Tajima district which are considered for a relation with the Silla prince to be deep.

The shrine of the Silla system which makes the enshrined deity God called the prince and the same person of Silla.

Reading and description to say, the method of investigation and I summarized that the circumference came in the chip box of the Kyoto seminar about Emperor Keitai who is from Echizen and is called visit system.

(3) Kyushu, northeastern Joumon and the ruins investigation report of Yayoi.

My friend superintended, and we borrowed the fallow field from the landowner in the citizen booth at the expo venue held in Aichi Prefecture in 2005, and did the result announcement of the project which average citizens gather and cultivates rice on a holiday. I took charge of the role which I announce about introduction of a rice crop there, and travelled the ruins of Kyushu and a northeast by coverage of the showpiece. Although it was the ruins before the period of ancient burial mounds, I found a bump of locality and ambient environment, when literature was read this time, and especially Iki and Tsushima occupied the position where mediation of the Korean Peninsula and Japan is from ancient times more important, and was very helpful by this research.

This experience also became a motive of entrance into a school of higher grade to a broadcast graduate school.

Furthermore, when Chinese carries out short-term studying abroad of me in relation to this at Shanghai University of Foreign Studies in 2007, I have been to Hangzhou city Museum, Shaoxing, the ruins of Hemutu, and Ningbo.

Please also refer to my HP http://www.gctv.ne.jp/~mmura/.